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ALSA-Configuration.txt for ALSA-1.0.16

ALSA-Configuration.txt

  1.                 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver
  2.                 ==========================================
  3.                             Configuration guide
  4.  
  5.  
  6. Kernel Configuration
  7. ====================
  8.  
  9. To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with
  10. primary sound card support (CONFIG_SOUND).  Since ALSA can emulate OSS,
  11. you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules.
  12.  
  13. Enable "OSS API emulation" (CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL) and both OSS mixer and
  14. PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA.
  15.  
  16. If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as
  17. SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support"
  18. (CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER).
  19.  
  20. To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk"
  21. and "Debug" options.  To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory"
  22. too.  "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards.
  23.  
  24. Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API
  25. (if the card supports ISA PnP).  You don't need to configure the cards
  26. using isapnptools.
  27.  
  28.  
  29. Creating ALSA devices
  30. =====================
  31.  
  32. This depends on your distribution, but normally you use the /dev/MAKEDEV
  33. script to create the necessary device nodes.  On some systems you use a
  34. script named 'snddevices'.
  35.  
  36.  
  37. Module parameters
  38. =================
  39.  
  40. The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than
  41. one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can
  42. specify multiple values for the option separated by commas.
  43.  
  44. Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
  45.  
  46.   Module snd
  47.   ----------
  48.  
  49.     The core ALSA module.  It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
  50.     It takes the following options which have global effects.
  51.  
  52.     major       - major number for sound driver
  53.                 - Default: 116
  54.     cards_limit
  55.                 - limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8)
  56.                 - Default: 1
  57.                 - For auto-loading more than one card, specify this
  58.                   option together with snd-card-X aliases.
  59.     slots       - Reserve the slot index for the given driver.
  60.                   This option takes multiple strings.      
  61.                   See "Module Autoloading Support" section for details.
  62.  
  63.   Module snd-pcm-oss
  64.   ------------------
  65.  
  66.     The PCM OSS emulation module.
  67.     This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
  68.  
  69.     dsp_map     - PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
  70.                 - Default: 0
  71.     adsp_map    - PCM device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
  72.                 - Default: 1
  73.     nonblock_open
  74.                 - Don't block opening busy PCM devices.  Default: 1
  75.  
  76.     For example, when dsp_map=2, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
  77.     the card #0.  Similarly, when adsp_map=0, /dev/adsp will be mapped
  78.     to PCM #0 of the card #0.
  79.     For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
  80.     commas, such like "dsp_map=0,1".
  81.  
  82.     nonblock_open option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
  83.     regarding opening the device.  When this option is non-zero,
  84.     opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
  85.     immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
  86.    
  87.   Module snd-rawmidi
  88.   ------------------
  89.  
  90.     This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
  91.     similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module.
  92.  
  93.     midi_map    - MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
  94.                 - Default: 0
  95.     amidi_map   - MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
  96.                 - Default: 1
  97.  
  98.   Common parameters for top sound card modules
  99.   --------------------------------------------
  100.  
  101.     Each of top level sound card module takes the following options.
  102.  
  103.     index       - index (slot #) of sound card
  104.                 - Values: 0 through 31 or negative
  105.                 - If nonnegative, assign that index number
  106.                 - if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible
  107.                   indices; the first free permitted index is assigned
  108.                 - Default: -1
  109.     id    - card ID (identifier or name)
  110.                 - Can be up to 15 characters long
  111.                 - Default: the card type
  112.                 - A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/
  113.                   containing information about the card
  114.                 - This ID can be used instead of the index number in
  115.                   identifying the card
  116.     enable      - enable card
  117.                 - Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards
  118.  
  119.   Module snd-adlib
  120.   ----------------
  121.  
  122.     Module for AdLib FM cards.
  123.  
  124.     port        - port # for OPL chip
  125.  
  126.     This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe, so
  127.     the port must be specified. For actual AdLib FM cards it will be 0x388.
  128.     Note that this card does not have PCM support and no mixer; only FM
  129.     synthesis.
  130.  
  131.     Make sure you have "sbiload" from the alsa-tools package available and,
  132.     after loading the module, find out the assigned ALSA sequencer port
  133.     number through "sbiload -l". Example output:
  134.  
  135.       Port     Client name                       Port name
  136.       64:0     OPL2 FM synth                     OPL2 FM Port
  137.  
  138.     Load the std.sb and drums.sb patches also supplied by sbiload:
  139.  
  140.       sbiload -p 64:0 std.sb drums.sb
  141.  
  142.     If you use this driver to drive an OPL3, you can use std.o3 and drums.o3
  143.     instead. To have the card produce sound, use aplaymidi from alsa-utils:
  144.  
  145.       aplaymidi -p 64:0 foo.mid
  146.  
  147.   Module snd-ad1816a
  148.   ------------------
  149.  
  150.     Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.
  151.  
  152.     clockfreq   - Clock frequency for AD1816A chip (default = 0, 33000Hz)
  153.    
  154.     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
  155.    
  156.   Module snd-ad1848
  157.   -----------------
  158.  
  159.     Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.
  160.  
  161.     port        - port # for AD1848 chip
  162.     irq  - IRQ # for AD1848  chip
  163.     dma1        - DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
  164.    
  165.     This module supports multiple cards.  It does not support autoprobe
  166.     thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
  167.    
  168.     The power-management is supported.
  169.  
  170.   Module snd-ad1889
  171.   -----------------
  172.  
  173.     Module for Analog Devices AD1889 chips.
  174.  
  175.     ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
  176.                   See the description of intel8x0 module for details.
  177.  
  178.     This module supports multiple cards.
  179.  
  180.   Module snd-ali5451
  181.   ------------------
  182.  
  183.     Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.
  184.  
  185.     pcm_channels    - Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
  186.     spdif           - Support SPDIF I/O
  187.                 - Default: disabled
  188.  
  189.     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
  190.  
  191.     The power-management is supported.
  192.  
  193.   Module snd-als100
  194.   -----------------
  195.  
  196.     Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.
  197.  
  198.     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
  199.  
  200.     The power-management is supported.
  201.  
  202.   Module snd-als300
  203.   -----------------
  204.  
  205.     Module for  Avance Logic ALS300 and ALS300+
  206.  
  207.     This module supports multiple cards.
  208.  
  209.     The power-management is supported.
  210.  
  211.   Module snd-als4000
  212.   ------------------
  213.  
  214.     Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.
  215.  
  216.     joystick_port - port # for legacy joystick support.
  217.                     0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
  218.    
  219.     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
  220.  
  221.     The power-management is supported.
  222.  
  223.   Module snd-atiixp
  224.   -----------------
  225.  
  226.     Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250/400 AC97 controllers.
  227.  
  228.     ac97_clock    - AC'97 clock (default = 48000)
  229.     ac97_quirk    - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
  230.                           See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
  231.     ac97_codec    - Workaround to specify which AC'97 codec
  232.                           instead of probing.  If this works for you
  233.                           file a bug with your `lspci -vn` output.
  234.                           -2  -- Force probing.
  235.                           -1  -- Default behavior.
  236.                           0-2 -- Use the specified codec.
  237.     spdif_aclink        - S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)
  238.  
  239.     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
  240.  
  241.     ATI IXP has two different methods to control SPDIF output.  One is
  242.     over AC-link and another is over the "direct" SPDIF output.  The
  243.     implementation depends on the motherboard, and you'll need to
  244.     choose the correct one via spdif_aclink module option.
  245.  
  246.     The power-management is supported.
  247.  
  248.   Module snd-atiixp-modem
  249.   -----------------------
  250.  
  251.     Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers.
  252.  
  253.     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
  254.  
  255.     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
  256.           slot is excluded.
  257.  
  258.     The power-management is supported.
  259.  
  260.   Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
  261.   -----------------------------------------
  262.  
  263.     Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.
  264.  
  265.     pcifix      - Control PCI workarounds
  266.                   0 = Disable all workarounds
  267.                   1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff
  268.                   2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
  269.                       Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge
  270.                   3 = Force both settings
  271.                   255 = Autodetect what is required (default)
  272.  
  273.     This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
  274.     EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
  275.     Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
  276.     http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
  277.     SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
  278.     "spdif" pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
  279.     The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and
  280.     Advantage.
  281.  
  282.     Note: Some ALSA mixer applications don't handle the SPDIF sample rate
  283.            control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
  284.            another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).
  285.  
  286.   Module snd-azt2320
  287.   ------------------
  288.  
  289.     Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).
  290.  
  291.     This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
  292.    
  293.     The power-management is supported.
  294.  
  295.   Module snd-azt3328
  296.   ------------------
  297.  
  298.     Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.
  299.  
  300.     joystick    - Enable joystick (default off)
  301.  
  302.     This module supports multiple cards.
  303.  
  304.   Module snd-bt87x
  305.   ----------------
  306.  
  307.     Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.
  308.  
  309.     digital_rate - Override the default digital rate (Hz)
  310.     load_all    - Load the driver even if the card model isn't known
  311.  
  312.     This module supports multiple cards.
  313.  
  314.     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
  315.           slot is excluded.
  316.  
  317.   Module snd-ca0106
  318.   -----------------
  319.  
  320.     Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit
  321.  
  322.     This module supports multiple cards.
  323.  
  324.  
  325.   Module snd-cmi8330
  326.   ------------------
  327.  
  328.     Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.
  329.  
  330.     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
  331.  
  332.     with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
  333.  
  334.     wssport     - port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
  335.     wssirq      - IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
  336.     wssdma      - first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
  337.     sbport      - port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
  338.     sbirq       - IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
  339.     sbdma8      - 8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
  340.     sbdma16     - 16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
  341.  
  342.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  343.  
  344.     The power-management is supported.
  345.  
  346.   Module snd-cmipci
  347.   -----------------
  348.  
  349.     Module for C-Media CMI8338/8738/8768/8770 PCI sound cards.
  350.  
  351.     mpu_port    - port address of MIDI interface (8338 only):
  352.                   0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330 = legacy port,
  353.                   0 = disable (default)
  354.     fm_port     - port address of OPL-3 FM synthesizer (8x38 only):
  355.                   0x388 = legacy port,
  356.                   1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
  357.                   0 = disable
  358.     soft_ac3    - Software-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only)
  359.                   (default = 1)
  360.     joystick_port - Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)
  361.  
  362.     This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
  363.    
  364.     The power-management is supported.
  365.  
  366.   Module snd-cs4231
  367.   -----------------
  368.  
  369.     Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips.
  370.  
  371.     port        - port # for CS4231 chip
  372.     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
  373.     irq  - IRQ # for CS4231 chip
  374.     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
  375.     dma1        - first DMA # for CS4231 chip
  376.     dma2        - second DMA # for CS4231 chip
  377.    
  378.     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
  379.     thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
  380.  
  381.     The power-management is supported.
  382.    
  383.   Module snd-cs4232
  384.   -----------------
  385.  
  386.     Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A ISA chips.
  387.  
  388.     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
  389.  
  390.     with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
  391.  
  392.     port        - port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
  393.     cport       - control port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
  394.     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
  395.     fm_port     - FM port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
  396.     irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
  397.     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
  398.     dma1        - first DMA # for CS4232 chip (0,1,3)
  399.     dma2        - second DMA # for Yamaha CS4232 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
  400.    
  401.     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
  402.     (if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are
  403.     optional.
  404.  
  405.     The power-management is supported.
  406.    
  407.   Module snd-cs4236
  408.   -----------------
  409.  
  410.     Module for sound cards based on CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/
  411.                                    CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.
  412.  
  413.     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
  414.  
  415.     with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
  416.  
  417.     port        - port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
  418.     cport       - control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
  419.     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
  420.     fm_port     - FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
  421.     irq  - IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
  422.     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
  423.     dma1        - first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
  424.     dma2        - second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
  425.    
  426.     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
  427.     (if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
  428.     specified!!! Other ports are optional.
  429.  
  430.     The power-management is supported.
  431.  
  432.   Module snd-cs4281
  433.   -----------------
  434.  
  435.     Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.
  436.  
  437.     dual_codec  - Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)
  438.  
  439.     This module supports multiple cards.
  440.  
  441.     The power-management is supported.
  442.  
  443.   Module snd-cs46xx
  444.   -----------------
  445.  
  446.     Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
  447.                                        CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.
  448.  
  449.     external_amp     - Force to enable external amplifier.
  450.     thinkpad         - Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
  451.     mmap_valid       - Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).
  452.  
  453.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  454.     Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
  455.     from PCI sub vendor/device ids.  If they don't work, give the options
  456.     above explicitly.
  457.  
  458.     The power-management is supported.
  459.  
  460.   Module snd-cs5530
  461.   _________________
  462.  
  463.     Module for Cyrix/NatSemi Geode 5530 chip.
  464.  
  465.   Module snd-cs5535audio
  466.   ----------------------
  467.  
  468.     Module for multifunction CS5535 companion PCI device
  469.  
  470.     The power-management is supported.
  471.  
  472.   Module snd-darla20
  473.   ------------------
  474.  
  475.     Module for Echoaudio Darla20
  476.  
  477.     This module supports multiple cards.
  478.     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
  479.  
  480.   Module snd-darla24
  481.   ------------------
  482.  
  483.     Module for Echoaudio Darla24
  484.  
  485.     This module supports multiple cards.
  486.     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
  487.  
  488.   Module snd-dt019x
  489.   -----------------
  490.  
  491.     Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
  492.     only)
  493.  
  494.     This module supports multiple cards.  This module is enabled only with
  495.     ISA PnP support.
  496.  
  497.     The power-management is supported.
  498.  
  499.   Module snd-dummy
  500.   ----------------
  501.  
  502.     Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output
  503.     or input, but you may use this module for any application which
  504.     requires a sound card (like RealPlayer).
  505.  
  506.     The power-management is supported.
  507.  
  508.   Module snd-echo3g
  509.   -----------------
  510.  
  511.     Module for Echoaudio 3G cards (Gina3G/Layla3G)
  512.  
  513.     This module supports multiple cards.
  514.     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
  515.  
  516.   Module snd-emu10k1
  517.   ------------------
  518.  
  519.     Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards.
  520.                         * Sound Blaster Live!
  521.                         * Sound Blaster PCI 512
  522.                         * Emu APS (partially supported)
  523.                         * Sound Blaster Audigy
  524.  
  525.     extin   - bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
  526.     extout  - bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
  527.     seq_ports - allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
  528.     max_synth_voices - limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
  529.     max_buffer_size  - specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers
  530.                        given in MB unit.  Default value is 128.
  531.     enable_ir - enable IR
  532.  
  533.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  534.  
  535.     Input & Output configurations                   [extin/extout]
  536.         * Creative Card wo/Digital out      [0x0003/0x1f03]
  537.         * Creative Card w/Digital out         [0x0003/0x1f0f]
  538.         * Creative Card w/Digital CD in   [0x000f/0x1f0f]
  539.         * Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive      [0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
  540.         * Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive       [0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
  541.         * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive     [0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
  542.         * Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2  [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
  543.         * Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2   [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
  544.         * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
  545.         * Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive   [0x3fc3/0x1fff]
  546.         * Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003            [0x3fc3/0x7cff]
  547.         * Creative Card all ins and outs                [0x3fff/0x7fff]
  548.    
  549.     The power-management is supported.
  550.  
  551.   Module snd-emu10k1x
  552.   -------------------
  553.  
  554.     Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version)
  555.  
  556.     This module supports multiple cards.
  557.  
  558.   Module snd-ens1370
  559.   ------------------
  560.  
  561.     Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards.
  562.                         * SoundBlaster PCI 64
  563.                         * SoundBlaster PCI 128
  564.  
  565.     joystick        - Enable joystick (default off)
  566.  
  567.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  568.    
  569.     The power-management is supported.
  570.  
  571.   Module snd-ens1371
  572.   ------------------
  573.  
  574.     Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards.
  575.                         * SoundBlaster PCI 64
  576.                         * SoundBlaster PCI 128
  577.                         * SoundBlaster Vibra PCI
  578.  
  579.     joystick_port       - port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218),
  580.                           0 = disable (default), 1 = auto-detect
  581.  
  582.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  583.    
  584.     The power-management is supported.
  585.  
  586.   Module snd-es968
  587.   ----------------
  588.  
  589.     Module for sound cards based on ESS ES968 chip (PnP only).
  590.  
  591.     This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
  592.    
  593.     The power-management is supported.
  594.  
  595.   Module snd-es1688
  596.   -----------------
  597.  
  598.     Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards.
  599.  
  600.     port        - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
  601.     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
  602.     irq  - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
  603.     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
  604.     dma8        - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
  605.  
  606.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
  607.  
  608.   Module snd-es18xx
  609.   -----------------
  610.  
  611.     Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards.
  612.  
  613.     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
  614.  
  615.     with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
  616.  
  617.     port        - port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
  618.     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
  619.     fm_port     - port # for FM (optional, not used)
  620.     irq  - IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
  621.     dma1        - first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
  622.     dma2        - first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
  623.  
  624.     This module supports multiple cards, ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401
  625.     port if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
  626.     When dma2 is equal with dma1, the driver works as half-duplex.
  627.  
  628.     The power-management is supported.
  629.  
  630.   Module snd-es1938
  631.   -----------------
  632.  
  633.     Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.
  634.  
  635.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  636.  
  637.     The power-management is supported.
  638.  
  639.   Module snd-es1968
  640.   -----------------
  641.  
  642.     Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.
  643.  
  644.     total_bufsize       - total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
  645.     pcm_substreams_p    - playback channels (1-8, default=2)
  646.     pcm_substreams_c    - capture channels (1-8, default=0)
  647.     clock              - clock (0 = auto-detection)
  648.     use_pm            - support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on,
  649.                           2 = auto (default))
  650.     enable_mpu    - enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
  651.     joystick        - enable joystick (default off)       
  652.  
  653.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  654.  
  655.     The power-management is supported.
  656.  
  657.   Module snd-fm801
  658.   ----------------
  659.  
  660.     Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards.
  661.  
  662.     tea575x_tuner       - Enable TEA575x tuner
  663.                           - 1 = MediaForte 256-PCS
  664.                           - 2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR
  665.                           - 3 = MediaForte 64-PCR 
  666.                           - High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1
  667.                           - example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1)
  668.  
  669.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  670.    
  671.     The power-management is supported.
  672.  
  673.   Module snd-gina20
  674.   -----------------
  675.  
  676.     Module for Echoaudio Gina20
  677.  
  678.     This module supports multiple cards.
  679.     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
  680.  
  681.   Module snd-gina24
  682.   -----------------
  683.  
  684.     Module for Echoaudio Gina24
  685.  
  686.     This module supports multiple cards.
  687.     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
  688.  
  689.   Module snd-gusclassic
  690.   ---------------------
  691.  
  692.     Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card.
  693.  
  694.     port        - port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
  695.     irq  - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
  696.     dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
  697.     dma2        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
  698.     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
  699.     voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
  700.     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
  701.  
  702.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  703.  
  704.   Module snd-gusextreme
  705.   ---------------------
  706.  
  707.     Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card.
  708.  
  709.     port        - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
  710.     gf1_port    - port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
  711.     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
  712.     irq  - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
  713.     gf1_irq     - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
  714.     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
  715.     dma8        - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
  716.     dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
  717.     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
  718.     voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
  719.     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
  720.  
  721.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
  722.  
  723.   Module snd-gusmax
  724.   -----------------
  725.  
  726.     Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card.
  727.  
  728.     port        - port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
  729.     irq  - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
  730.     dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
  731.     dma2        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
  732.     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
  733.     voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
  734.     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
  735.  
  736.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  737.    
  738.   Module snd-hda-intel
  739.   --------------------
  740.  
  741.     Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ESB2, ICH7, ICH8),
  742.                 ATI SB450, SB600, RS600,
  743.                 VIA VT8251/VT8237A,
  744.                 SIS966, ULI M5461
  745.  
  746.     [Multiple options for each card instance]
  747.     model       - force the model name
  748.     position_fix - Fix DMA pointer (0 = auto, 1 = none, 2 = POSBUF, 3 = FIFO size)
  749.     probe_mask  - Bitmask to probe codecs (default = -1, meaning all slots)
  750.    
  751.     [Single (global) options]
  752.     single_cmd  - Use single immediate commands to communicate with
  753.                 codecs (for debugging only)
  754.     enable_msi  - Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (default = off)
  755.     power_save  - Automatic power-saving timtout (in second, 0 =
  756.                 disable)
  757.     power_save_controller - Reset HD-audio controller in power-saving mode
  758.                 (default = on)
  759.  
  760.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  761.    
  762.     Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
  763.     If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
  764.     configuration is set up.  You can pass "model=<name>" option to
  765.     specify a certain model in such a case.  There are different
  766.     models depending on the codec chip.
  767.  
  768.           Model name    Description
  769.           ----------    -----------
  770.         ALC880
  771.           3stack        3-jack in back and a headphone out
  772.           3stack-digout 3-jack in back, a HP out and a SPDIF out
  773.           5stack        5-jack in back, 2-jack in front
  774.           5stack-digout 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, a SPDIF out
  775.           6stack        6-jack in back, 2-jack in front
  776.           6stack-digout 6-jack with a SPDIF out
  777.           w810    3-jack
  778.           z71v    3-jack (HP shared SPDIF)
  779.           asus    3-jack (ASUS Mobo)
  780.           asus-w1v      ASUS W1V
  781.           asus-dig      ASUS with SPDIF out
  782.           asus-dig2     ASUS with SPDIF out (using GPIO2)
  783.           uniwill       3-jack
  784.           fujitsu       Fujitsu Laptops (Pi1536)
  785.           F1734  2-jack
  786.           lg        LG laptop (m1 express dual)
  787.           lg-lw  LG LW20/LW25 laptop
  788.           tcl      TCL S700
  789.           clevo  Clevo laptops (m520G, m665n)
  790.           test    for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls can be
  791.                         adjusted.  Appearing only when compiled with
  792.                         $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y
  793.           auto    auto-config reading BIOS (default)
  794.  
  795.         ALC260
  796.           hp        HP machines
  797.           hp-3013       HP machines (3013-variant)
  798.           fujitsu       Fujitsu S7020
  799.           acer    Acer TravelMate
  800.           will    Will laptops (PB V7900)
  801.           replacer      Replacer 672V
  802.           basic  fixed pin assignment (old default model)
  803.           test    for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls can
  804.                         adjusted.  Appearing only when compiled with
  805.                         $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y
  806.           auto    auto-config reading BIOS (default)
  807.  
  808.         ALC262
  809.           fujitsu       Fujitsu Laptop
  810.           hp-bpc        HP xw4400/6400/8400/9400 laptops
  811.           hp-bpc-d7000  HP BPC D7000
  812.           hp-tc-t5735   HP Thin Client T5735
  813.           hp-rp5700     HP RP5700
  814.           benq    Benq ED8
  815.           benq-t31      Benq T31
  816.           hippo  Hippo (ATI) with jack detection, Sony UX-90s
  817.           hippo_1       Hippo (Benq) with jack detection
  818.           sony-assamd   Sony ASSAMD
  819.           ultra  Samsung Q1 Ultra Vista model
  820.           basic  fixed pin assignment w/o SPDIF
  821.           auto    auto-config reading BIOS (default)
  822.  
  823.         ALC268
  824.           3stack        3-stack model
  825.           toshiba       Toshiba A205
  826.           acer    Acer laptops
  827.           dell    Dell OEM laptops (Vostro 1200)
  828.           zepto  Zepto laptops
  829.           test    for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls can
  830.                         adjusted.  Appearing only when compiled with
  831.                         $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y
  832.           auto    auto-config reading BIOS (default)
  833.  
  834.         ALC662
  835.           3stack-dig    3-stack (2-channel) with SPDIF
  836.           3stack-6ch     3-stack (6-channel)
  837.           3stack-6ch-dig 3-stack (6-channel) with SPDIF
  838.           6stack-dig     6-stack with SPDIF
  839.           lenovo-101e    Lenovo laptop
  840.           eeepc-p701    ASUS Eeepc P701
  841.           eeepc-ep20    ASUS Eeepc EP20
  842.           auto    auto-config reading BIOS (default)
  843.  
  844.         ALC882/885
  845.           3stack-dig    3-jack with SPDIF I/O
  846.           6stack-dig    6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O
  847.           arima  Arima W820Di1
  848.           targa  Targa T8, MSI-1049 T8
  849.           asus-a7j      ASUS A7J
  850.           asus-a7m      ASUS A7M
  851.           macpro        MacPro support
  852.           mbp3    Macbook Pro rev3
  853.           imac24        iMac 24'' with jack detection
  854.           w2jc    ASUS W2JC
  855.           auto    auto-config reading BIOS (default)
  856.  
  857.         ALC883/888
  858.           3stack-dig    3-jack with SPDIF I/O
  859.           6stack-dig    6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O
  860.           3stack-6ch    3-jack 6-channel
  861.           3stack-6ch-dig 3-jack 6-channel with SPDIF I/O
  862.           6stack-dig-demo  6-jack digital for Intel demo board
  863.           acer    Acer laptops (Travelmate 3012WTMi, Aspire 5600, etc)
  864.           acer-aspire   Acer Aspire 9810
  865.           medion        Medion Laptops
  866.           medion-md2    Medion MD2
  867.           targa-dig     Targa/MSI
  868.           targa-2ch-dig Targs/MSI with 2-channel
  869.           laptop-eapd   3-jack with SPDIF I/O and EAPD (Clevo M540JE, M550JE)
  870.           lenovo-101e   Lenovo 101E
  871.           lenovo-nb0763 Lenovo NB0763
  872.           lenovo-ms7195-dig Lenovo MS7195
  873.           haier-w66     Haier W66
  874.           6stack-hp     HP machines with 6stack (Nettle boards)
  875.           3stack-hp     HP machines with 3stack (Lucknow, Samba boards)
  876.           6stack-dell   Dell machines with 6stack (Inspiron 530)
  877.           mitac  Mitac 8252D
  878.           auto    auto-config reading BIOS (default)
  879.  
  880.         ALC861/660
  881.           3stack        3-jack
  882.           3stack-dig    3-jack with SPDIF I/O
  883.           6stack-dig    6-jack with SPDIF I/O
  884.           3stack-660    3-jack (for ALC660)
  885.           uniwill-m31   Uniwill M31 laptop
  886.           toshiba       Toshiba laptop support
  887.           asus    Asus laptop support
  888.           asus-laptop   ASUS F2/F3 laptops
  889.           auto    auto-config reading BIOS (default)
  890.  
  891.         ALC861VD/660VD
  892.           3stack        3-jack
  893.           3stack-dig    3-jack with SPDIF OUT
  894.           6stack-dig    6-jack with SPDIF OUT
  895.           3stack-660    3-jack (for ALC660VD)
  896.           3stack-660-digout 3-jack with SPDIF OUT (for ALC660VD)
  897.           lenovo        Lenovo 3000 C200
  898.           dallas        Dallas laptops
  899.           hp        HP TX1000
  900.           auto    auto-config reading BIOS (default)
  901.  
  902.         CMI9880
  903.           minimal       3-jack in back
  904.           min_fp        3-jack in back, 2-jack in front
  905.           full    6-jack in back, 2-jack in front
  906.           full_dig      6-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF I/O
  907.           allout        5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF out
  908.           auto    auto-config reading BIOS (default)
  909.  
  910.         AD1882
  911.           3stack        3-stack mode (default)
  912.           6stack        6-stack mode
  913.  
  914.         AD1884
  915.           N/A
  916.  
  917.         AD1981
  918.           basic  3-jack (default)
  919.           hp        HP nx6320
  920.           thinkpad      Lenovo Thinkpad T60/X60/Z60
  921.           toshiba       Toshiba U205
  922.  
  923.         AD1983
  924.           N/A
  925.  
  926.         AD1984
  927.           basic  default configuration
  928.           thinkpad      Lenovo Thinkpad T61/X61
  929.           dell    Dell T3400
  930.  
  931.         AD1986A
  932.           6stack        6-jack, separate surrounds (default)
  933.           3stack        3-stack, shared surrounds
  934.           laptop        2-channel only (FSC V2060, Samsung M50)
  935.           laptop-eapd   2-channel with EAPD (Samsung R65, ASUS A6J)
  936.           laptop-automute 2-channel with EAPD and HP-automute (Lenovo N100)
  937.           ultra  2-channel with EAPD (Samsung Ultra tablet PC)
  938.  
  939.         AD1988
  940.           6stack        6-jack
  941.           6stack-dig    ditto with SPDIF
  942.           3stack        3-jack
  943.           3stack-dig    ditto with SPDIF
  944.           laptop        3-jack with hp-jack automute
  945.           laptop-dig    ditto with SPDIF
  946.           auto    auto-config reading BIOS (default)
  947.        
  948.         Conexant 5045
  949.           laptop-hpsense    Laptop with HP sense (old model laptop)
  950.           laptop-micsense   Laptop with Mic sense (old model fujitsu)
  951.           laptop-hpmicsense Laptop with HP and Mic senses
  952.           benq    Benq R55E
  953.           test    for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls
  954.                         can be adjusted.  Appearing only when compiled with
  955.                         $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y
  956.  
  957.         Conexant 5047
  958.           laptop        Basic Laptop config
  959.           laptop-hp     Laptop config for some HP models (subdevice 30A5)
  960.           laptop-eapd   Laptop config with EAPD support
  961.           test    for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls
  962.                         can be adjusted.  Appearing only when compiled with
  963.                         $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y
  964.  
  965.         Conexant 5051
  966.           laptop        Basic Laptop config (default)
  967.           hp        HP Spartan laptop
  968.  
  969.         STAC9200
  970.           ref      Reference board
  971.           dell-d21      Dell (unknown)
  972.           dell-d22      Dell (unknown)
  973.           dell-d23      Dell (unknown)
  974.           dell-m21      Dell Inspiron 630m, Dell Inspiron 640m
  975.           dell-m22      Dell Latitude D620, Dell Latitude D820
  976.           dell-m23      Dell XPS M1710, Dell Precision M90
  977.           dell-m24      Dell Latitude 120L
  978.           dell-m25      Dell Inspiron E1505n
  979.           dell-m26      Dell Inspiron 1501
  980.           dell-m27      Dell Inspiron E1705/9400
  981.           gateway       Gateway laptops with EAPD control
  982.  
  983.         STAC9205/9254
  984.           ref      Reference board
  985.           dell-m42      Dell (unknown)
  986.           dell-m43      Dell Precision
  987.           dell-m44      Dell Inspiron
  988.  
  989.         STAC9220/9221
  990.           ref      Reference board
  991.           3stack        D945 3stack
  992.           5stack        D945 5stack + SPDIF
  993.           intel-mac-v1  Intel Mac Type 1
  994.           intel-mac-v2  Intel Mac Type 2
  995.           intel-mac-v3  Intel Mac Type 3
  996.           intel-mac-v4  Intel Mac Type 4
  997.           intel-mac-v5  Intel Mac Type 5
  998.           macmini       Intel Mac Mini (equivalent with type 3)
  999.           macbook       Intel Mac Book (eq. type 5)
  1000.           macbook-pro-v1 Intel Mac Book Pro 1st generation (eq. type 3)
  1001.           macbook-pro   Intel Mac Book Pro 2nd generation (eq. type 3)
  1002.           imac-intel    Intel iMac (eq. type 2)
  1003.           imac-intel-20 Intel iMac (newer version) (eq. type 3)
  1004.           dell-d81      Dell (unknown)
  1005.           dell-d82      Dell (unknown)
  1006.           dell-m81      Dell (unknown)
  1007.           dell-m82      Dell XPS M1210
  1008.  
  1009.         STAC9202/9250/9251
  1010.           ref      Reference board, base config
  1011.           m2-2    Some Gateway MX series laptops
  1012.           m6        Some Gateway NX series laptops
  1013.           pa6      Gateway NX860 series
  1014.  
  1015.         STAC9227/9228/9229/927x
  1016.           ref      Reference board
  1017.           3stack        D965 3stack
  1018.           5stack        D965 5stack + SPDIF
  1019.           dell-3stack   Dell Dimension E520
  1020.  
  1021.         STAC9872
  1022.           vaio    Setup for VAIO FE550G/SZ110
  1023.           vaio-ar Setup for VAIO AR
  1024.  
  1025.     The model name "genric" is treated as a special case.  When this
  1026.     model is given, the driver uses the generic codec parser without
  1027.     "codec-patch".  It's sometimes good for testing and debugging.
  1028.  
  1029.     If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
  1030.     matches with your device, report it together with the PCI
  1031.     subsystem ID (output of "lspci -nv") to ALSA BTS or alsa-devel
  1032.     ML (see the section "Links and Addresses").
  1033.  
  1034.     power_save and power_save_controller options are for power-saving
  1035.     mode.  See powersave.txt for details.
  1036.  
  1037.     Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option
  1038.             position_fix=1 or 2.  position_fix=1 will use the SD_LPIB
  1039.             register value without FIFO size correction as the current
  1040.             DMA pointer.  position_fix=2 will make the driver to use
  1041.             the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register.
  1042.             (Usually SD_LPLIB register is more accurate than the
  1043.             position buffer.)
  1044.  
  1045.     NB: If you get many "azx_get_response timeout" messages at
  1046.     loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
  1047.     routing).  Try to boot with options like "pci=noacpi".  Also, you
  1048.     can try "single_cmd=1" module option.  This will switch the
  1049.     communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
  1050.     single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB.  Basically, the
  1051.     single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
  1052.     unsolicited events, too.  But, at least, this works independently
  1053.     from the irq.  Remember this is a last resort, and should be
  1054.     avoided as much as possible...
  1055.    
  1056.     MORE NOTES ON "azx_get_response timeout" PROBLEMS:
  1057.     On some hardwares, you may need to add a proper probe_mask option
  1058.     to avoid the "azx_get_response timeout" problem above, instead.
  1059.     This occurs when the access to non-existing or non-working codec slot
  1060.     (likely a modem one) causes a stall of the communication via HD-audio
  1061.     bus.  You can see which codec slots are probed by enabling
  1062.     CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_DETECT, or simply from the file name of the codec
  1063.     proc files.  Then limit the slots to probe by probe_mask option.
  1064.     For example, probe_mask=1 means to probe only the first slot, and
  1065.     probe_mask=4 means only the third slot.
  1066.  
  1067.     The power-management is supported.
  1068.  
  1069.   Module snd-hdsp
  1070.   ---------------
  1071.  
  1072.     Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)
  1073.  
  1074.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1075.  
  1076.     Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug
  1077.           when CONFIG_FW_LOADER is set.  Otherwise, you need to load
  1078.           the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools
  1079.           package.
  1080.           The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package.
  1081.  
  1082.     Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
  1083.           module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
  1084.           when any HDSP cards are found.  To make the buffer
  1085.           allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
  1086.           stage of boot sequence.  See "Early Buffer Allocation"
  1087.           section.
  1088.  
  1089.   Module snd-hdspm
  1090.   ----------------
  1091.  
  1092.     Module for RME HDSP MADI board.
  1093.  
  1094.     precise_ptr  - Enable precise pointer, or disable.
  1095.     line_outs_monitor   - Send playback streams to analog outs by default.
  1096.     enable_monitor      - Enable Analog Out on Channel 63/64 by default.
  1097.  
  1098.     See hdspm.txt for details.
  1099.  
  1100.   Module snd-hifier
  1101.   -----------------
  1102.  
  1103.     Module for the MediaTek/TempoTec HiFier Fantasia sound card.
  1104.  
  1105.     This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
  1106.  
  1107.     Power management is _not_ supported.
  1108.  
  1109.   Module snd-ice1712
  1110.   ------------------
  1111.  
  1112.     Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards.
  1113.                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
  1114.                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
  1115.                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
  1116.                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
  1117.                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
  1118.                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
  1119.                         * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
  1120.                         * TerraTec EWS 88MT
  1121.                         * TerraTec EWS 88D
  1122.                         * TerraTec EWX 24/96
  1123.                         * TerraTec DMX 6Fire
  1124.                         * TerraTec Phase 88
  1125.                         * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
  1126.                         * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
  1127.                         * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
  1128.                         * Event Electronics, EZ8
  1129.                         * Digigram VX442
  1130.                         * Lionstracs, Mediastaton
  1131.  
  1132.     model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
  1133.                   delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
  1134.                   delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
  1135.                   dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8,
  1136.                   phase88, mediastation
  1137.     omni        - Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
  1138.     cs8427_timeout - reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transceiver)
  1139.                      in msec resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)
  1140.  
  1141.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe. Note: The consumer part
  1142.     is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for example in the MidiMan Delta
  1143.     serie).
  1144.  
  1145.     Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
  1146.           SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
  1147.           model by passing "model" module option in case that the
  1148.           driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
  1149.           type for testing.
  1150.  
  1151.   Module snd-ice1724
  1152.   ------------------
  1153.  
  1154.     Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards.
  1155.                         * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1
  1156.                         * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
  1157.                         * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 192
  1158.                         * AMP Ltd AUDIO2000
  1159.                         * TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky
  1160.                         * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Space
  1161.                         * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Universe
  1162.                         * TerraTec Phase 22
  1163.                         * TerraTec Phase 28
  1164.                         * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1
  1165.                         * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1LT
  1166.                         * AudioTrak Prodigy 192
  1167.                         * Pontis MS300
  1168.                         * Albatron K8X800 Pro II
  1169.                         * Chaintech ZNF3-150
  1170.                         * Chaintech ZNF3-250
  1171.                         * Chaintech 9CJS
  1172.                         * Chaintech AV-710
  1173.                         * Shuttle SN25P
  1174.                         * Onkyo SE-90PCI
  1175.                         * Onkyo SE-200PCI
  1176.  
  1177.     model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
  1178.                   revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt,
  1179.                   prodigy192, aureon51, aureon71, universe, ap192,
  1180.                   k8x800, phase22, phase28, ms300, av710, se200pci,
  1181.                   se90pci
  1182.  
  1183.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  1184.  
  1185.     Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
  1186.           SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
  1187.           model by passing "model" module option in case that the
  1188.           driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
  1189.           type for testing.
  1190.  
  1191.   Module snd-indigo
  1192.   -----------------
  1193.  
  1194.     Module for Echoaudio Indigo
  1195.  
  1196.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1197.     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
  1198.  
  1199.   Module snd-indigodj
  1200.   -------------------
  1201.  
  1202.     Module for Echoaudio Indigo DJ
  1203.  
  1204.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1205.     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
  1206.  
  1207.   Module snd-indigoio
  1208.   -------------------
  1209.  
  1210.     Module for Echoaudio Indigo IO
  1211.  
  1212.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1213.     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
  1214.  
  1215.   Module snd-intel8x0
  1216.   -------------------
  1217.  
  1218.     Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
  1219.                         * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
  1220.                                 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7, ESB2
  1221.                         * SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
  1222.                         * NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce3, MCP04, CK804
  1223.                                  CK8, CK8S, MCP501
  1224.                         * AMD AMD768, AMD8111
  1225.                         * ALi m5455
  1226.  
  1227.     ac97_clock    - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
  1228.     ac97_quirk    - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
  1229.                     See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
  1230.     buggy_irq     - Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some
  1231.                     motherboards (default yes on nForce chips,
  1232.                     otherwise off)
  1233.     buggy_semaphore - Enable workaround for hardwares with buggy
  1234.                     semaphores (e.g. on some ASUS laptops)
  1235.                     (default off)
  1236.     spdif_aclink  - Use S/PDIF over AC-link instead of direct connection
  1237.                     from the controller chip
  1238.                     (0 = off, 1 = on, -1 = default)
  1239.  
  1240.     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
  1241.  
  1242.     Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
  1243.     if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
  1244.     explicitly via the module option "ac97_clock=41194".
  1245.  
  1246.     Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver.  If your
  1247.     motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401
  1248.     modules, respectively.
  1249.  
  1250.     The power-management is supported.
  1251.    
  1252.   Module snd-intel8x0m
  1253.   --------------------
  1254.  
  1255.     Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.
  1256.                         * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
  1257.                                 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7
  1258.                         * SiS 7013 (SiS 735)
  1259.                         * NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce2s, NForce3
  1260.                         * AMD AMD8111
  1261.                         * ALi m5455
  1262.  
  1263.     ac97_clock    - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
  1264.  
  1265.     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
  1266.  
  1267.     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
  1268.           slot is excluded.
  1269.  
  1270.     The power-management is supported.
  1271.  
  1272.   Module snd-interwave
  1273.   --------------------
  1274.  
  1275.     Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
  1276.     and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
  1277.  
  1278.     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
  1279.     midi        - 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
  1280.     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
  1281.     effect      - 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
  1282.                   requires 8 voices
  1283.     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
  1284.  
  1285.     with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
  1286.  
  1287.     port        - port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
  1288.     irq  - IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
  1289.     dma1        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
  1290.     dma2        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
  1291.  
  1292.     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
  1293.  
  1294.   Module snd-interwave-stb
  1295.   ------------------------
  1296.  
  1297.     Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq)
  1298.     and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
  1299.     circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
  1300.  
  1301.     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
  1302.     midi        - 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
  1303.     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
  1304.     effect      - 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
  1305.                   requires 8 voices
  1306.     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
  1307.  
  1308.     with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
  1309.  
  1310.     port        - port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
  1311.     port_tc     - tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
  1312.     irq  - IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
  1313.     dma1        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
  1314.     dma2        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
  1315.  
  1316.     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
  1317.  
  1318.   Module snd-korg1212
  1319.   -------------------
  1320.  
  1321.     Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card
  1322.  
  1323.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1324.  
  1325.   Module snd-layla20
  1326.   ------------------
  1327.  
  1328.     Module for Echoaudio Layla20
  1329.  
  1330.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1331.     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
  1332.  
  1333.   Module snd-layla24
  1334.   ------------------
  1335.  
  1336.     Module for Echoaudio Layla24
  1337.  
  1338.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1339.     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
  1340.  
  1341.   Module snd-maestro3
  1342.   -------------------
  1343.  
  1344.     Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips
  1345.  
  1346.     external_amp     - enable external amp (enabled by default)
  1347.     amp_gpio         - GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or
  1348.                        -1 for default pin (8 for allegro, 1 for
  1349.                        others)
  1350.  
  1351.     This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
  1352.  
  1353.     Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
  1354.     If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
  1355.     specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option.
  1356.     For example, a Panasonic notebook might need "amp_gpio=0x0d"
  1357.     option.
  1358.  
  1359.     The power-management is supported.
  1360.  
  1361.   Module snd-mia
  1362.   ---------------
  1363.  
  1364.     Module for Echoaudio Mia
  1365.  
  1366.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1367.     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
  1368.  
  1369.   Module snd-miro
  1370.   ---------------
  1371.  
  1372.     Module for Miro soundcards: miroSOUND PCM 1 pro,
  1373.                                 miroSOUND PCM 12,
  1374.                                 miroSOUND PCM 20 Radio.
  1375.  
  1376.     port        - Port # (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
  1377.     irq  - IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
  1378.     dma1        - 1st dma # (0,1,3)
  1379.     dma2        - 2nd dma # (0,1)
  1380.     mpu_port    - MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
  1381.     mpu_irq     - MPU-401 irq # (5,7,9,10)
  1382.     fm_port     - FM Port # (0x388)
  1383.     wss  - enable WSS mode
  1384.     ide  - enable onboard ide support
  1385.  
  1386.   Module snd-mixart
  1387.   -----------------
  1388.  
  1389.     Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards.
  1390.  
  1391.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1392.     Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
  1393.           See MIXART.txt for details.
  1394.  
  1395.     When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
  1396.     is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
  1397.     Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
  1398.     When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
  1399.     firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package.
  1400.  
  1401.   Module snd-mona
  1402.   ---------------
  1403.  
  1404.     Module for Echoaudio Mona
  1405.  
  1406.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1407.     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
  1408.  
  1409.   Module snd-mpu401
  1410.   -----------------
  1411.  
  1412.     Module for MPU-401 UART devices.
  1413.  
  1414.     port        - port number or -1 (disable)
  1415.     irq  - IRQ number or -1 (disable)
  1416.     pnp  - PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
  1417.  
  1418.     This module supports multiple devices and PnP.
  1419.    
  1420.   Module snd-mtpav
  1421.   ----------------
  1422.  
  1423.     Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
  1424.     port).
  1425.  
  1426.     port        - I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
  1427.     irq  - IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
  1428.     hwports     - number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
  1429.    
  1430.     Module supports only 1 card.  This module has no enable option.
  1431.  
  1432.   Module snd-mts64
  1433.   ----------------
  1434.  
  1435.     Module for Ego Systems (ESI) Miditerminal 4140
  1436.  
  1437.     This module supports multiple devices.
  1438.     Requires parport (CONFIG_PARPORT).
  1439.  
  1440.   Module snd-nm256
  1441.   ----------------
  1442.  
  1443.     Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips
  1444.  
  1445.     playback_bufsize - max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
  1446.     capture_bufsize  - max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
  1447.     force_ac97       - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
  1448.     buffer_top       - specify buffer top address
  1449.     use_cache        - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
  1450.     vaio_hack        - alias buffer_top=0x25a800
  1451.     reset_workaround - enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops
  1452.     reset_workaround2 - enable extended AC97 RESET workaround for some
  1453.                       other laptops
  1454.  
  1455.     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
  1456.  
  1457.     The power-management is supported.
  1458.  
  1459.     Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
  1460.     automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
  1461.     In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicitly via
  1462.     the buffer_top option.
  1463.     For example,
  1464.       Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
  1465.       Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
  1466.     The driver supports only ac97 codec.  It's possible to force
  1467.     to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected.  In such a
  1468.     case, use force_ac97=1 option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
  1469.     works!
  1470.  
  1471.     Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
  1472.     codecs.  This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
  1473.     with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
  1474.     even though the device is detected in lspci.  In such a case, try
  1475.     other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2.  Some has ISA-PnP
  1476.     but some doesn't have ISA PnP.  You'll need to specify isapnp=0
  1477.     and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.
  1478.  
  1479.     Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET.  For the
  1480.     known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this
  1481.     workaround is enabled automatically.  For other laptops with a
  1482.     hard freeze, you can try reset_workaround=1 option.
  1483.  
  1484.     Note: Dell Latitude CSx laptops have another problem regarding
  1485.     AC97 RESET.  On these laptops, reset_workaround2 option is
  1486.     turned on as default.  This option is worth to try if the
  1487.     previous reset_workaround option doesn't help.
  1488.  
  1489.     Note: This driver is really crappy.  It's a porting from the
  1490.     OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
  1491.     The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
  1492.     X-server as described above.  You might be able to force to load
  1493.     the module, but it may result in hang-up.   Hence, make sure that
  1494.     you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
  1495.     problem.
  1496.  
  1497.   Module snd-opl3sa2
  1498.   ------------------
  1499.  
  1500.     Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards.
  1501.  
  1502.     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
  1503.  
  1504.     with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
  1505.  
  1506.     port        - control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
  1507.     sb_port     - SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
  1508.     wss_port    - WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
  1509.     midi_port   - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
  1510.     fm_port     - FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
  1511.     irq  - IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
  1512.     dma1        - first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
  1513.     dma2        - second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
  1514.    
  1515.     This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.  It does not support
  1516.     autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
  1517.    
  1518.     The power-management is supported.
  1519.  
  1520.   Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
  1521.   -------------------------
  1522.  
  1523.     Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
  1524.     Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
  1525.    
  1526.     isapnp    - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
  1527.  
  1528.     with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
  1529.  
  1530.     port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
  1531.     mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
  1532.     fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
  1533.     irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
  1534.     mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
  1535.     dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
  1536.  
  1537.     This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
  1538.  
  1539.   Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
  1540.   -------------------------
  1541.  
  1542.     Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
  1543.    
  1544.     isapnp    - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
  1545.  
  1546.     with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
  1547.  
  1548.     port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
  1549.     mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
  1550.     fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
  1551.     irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
  1552.     mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
  1553.     dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
  1554.     dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
  1555.  
  1556.     This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
  1557.  
  1558.   Module snd-opti93x
  1559.   ------------------
  1560.  
  1561.     Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
  1562.    
  1563.     isapnp    - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
  1564.  
  1565.     with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
  1566.  
  1567.     port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
  1568.     mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
  1569.     fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
  1570.     irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
  1571.     mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
  1572.     dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
  1573.     dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
  1574.  
  1575.     This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
  1576.  
  1577.   Module snd-oxygen
  1578.   -----------------
  1579.  
  1580.     Module for sound cards based on the C-Media CMI8788 chip:
  1581.     * Asound A-8788
  1582.     * AuzenTech X-Meridian
  1583.     * Bgears b-Enspirer
  1584.     * Club3D Theatron DTS
  1585.     * HT-Omega Claro
  1586.     * Razer Barracuda AC-1
  1587.     * Sondigo Inferno
  1588.  
  1589.     This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
  1590.  
  1591.     Power management is _not_ supported.
  1592.  
  1593.   Module snd-pcxhr
  1594.   ----------------
  1595.  
  1596.     Module for Digigram PCXHR boards
  1597.  
  1598.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1599.  
  1600.   Module snd-portman2x4
  1601.   ---------------------
  1602.  
  1603.     Module for Midiman Portman 2x4 parallel port MIDI interface
  1604.  
  1605.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1606.  
  1607.   Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
  1608.   ---------------------------------
  1609.  
  1610.     Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips
  1611.  
  1612.     enable_beep     - enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)
  1613.  
  1614.     Module supports autoprobe a chip.
  1615.  
  1616.     Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianess.
  1617.  
  1618.     The power-management is supported.
  1619.  
  1620.   Module snd-pxa2xx-ac97 (on arm only)
  1621.   ------------------------------------
  1622.  
  1623.     Module for AC97 driver for the Intel PXA2xx chip
  1624.  
  1625.     For ARM architecture only.
  1626.  
  1627.     The power-management is supported.
  1628.  
  1629.   Module snd-riptide
  1630.   ------------------
  1631.  
  1632.     Module for Conexant Riptide chip
  1633.  
  1634.       joystick_port     - Joystick port # (default: 0x200)
  1635.       mpu_port    - MPU401 port # (default: 0x330)
  1636.       opl3_port  - OPL3 port # (default: 0x388)
  1637.  
  1638.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1639.     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
  1640.     You need to install the firmware file "riptide.hex" to the standard
  1641.     firmware path (e.g. /lib/firmware).
  1642.  
  1643.   Module snd-rme32
  1644.   ----------------
  1645.  
  1646.     Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32,
  1647.     Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards.
  1648.  
  1649.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1650.  
  1651.   Module snd-rme96
  1652.   ----------------
  1653.  
  1654.     Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards.
  1655.  
  1656.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1657.  
  1658.   Module snd-rme9652
  1659.   ------------------
  1660.  
  1661.     Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards.
  1662.  
  1663.     precise_ptr - Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably).
  1664.                   (default = 0)
  1665.  
  1666.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1667.  
  1668.     Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
  1669.           module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
  1670.           when any RME9652 cards are found.  To make the buffer
  1671.           allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
  1672.           stage of boot sequence.  See "Early Buffer Allocation"
  1673.           section.
  1674.  
  1675.   Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
  1676.   ---------------------------------------
  1677.  
  1678.     Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card.
  1679.  
  1680.     Module supports only one card.
  1681.     Module has no enable and index options.
  1682.  
  1683.     The power-management is supported.
  1684.  
  1685.   Module snd-sb8
  1686.   --------------
  1687.  
  1688.     Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0,
  1689.                                          SoundBlaster 2.0,
  1690.                                          SoundBlaster Pro
  1691.  
  1692.     port        - port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
  1693.     irq  - IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
  1694.     dma8        - DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
  1695.  
  1696.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  1697.    
  1698.     The power-management is supported.
  1699.  
  1700.   Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
  1701.   -----------------------------
  1702.  
  1703.     Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
  1704.                                           SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP),
  1705.                                           SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP
  1706.  
  1707.     mic_agc     - Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
  1708.     csp  - ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
  1709.     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
  1710.  
  1711.     with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
  1712.  
  1713.     port        - port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
  1714.     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
  1715.     awe_port    - base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660)
  1716.                    (snd-sbawe module only)
  1717.     irq  - IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
  1718.     dma8        - 8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
  1719.     dma16       - 16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
  1720.    
  1721.     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
  1722.  
  1723.     Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
  1724.           disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
  1725.           Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
  1726.           half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
  1727.           16-bit DMA channel.
  1728.    
  1729.     The power-management is supported.
  1730.  
  1731.   Module snd-sc6000
  1732.   -----------------
  1733.  
  1734.     Module for Gallant SC-6000 soundcard.
  1735.  
  1736.     port        - Port # (0x220 or 0x240)
  1737.     mss_port    - MSS Port # (0x530 or 0xe80)
  1738.     irq  - IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
  1739.     mpu_irq     - MPU-401 IRQ # (5,7,9,10) ,0 - no MPU-401 irq
  1740.     dma  - DMA # (1,3,0)
  1741.  
  1742.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1743.  
  1744.     This card is also known as Audio Excel DSP 16 or Zoltrix AV302.
  1745.  
  1746.   Module snd-sgalaxy
  1747.   ------------------
  1748.  
  1749.     Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy sound card.
  1750.  
  1751.     sbport      - Port # for SB16 interface (0x220,0x240)
  1752.     wssport     - Port # for WSS interface (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
  1753.     irq  - IRQ # (7,9,10,11)
  1754.     dma1        - DMA #
  1755.  
  1756.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1757.  
  1758.     The power-management is supported.
  1759.  
  1760.   Module snd-sscape
  1761.   -----------------
  1762.  
  1763.     Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape PnP cards.
  1764.  
  1765.     port        - Port # (PnP setup)
  1766.     wss_port    - WSS Port # (PnP setup)
  1767.     irq  - IRQ # (PnP setup)
  1768.     mpu_irq     - MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
  1769.     dma  - DMA # (PnP setup)
  1770.     dma2        - 2nd DMA # (PnP setup, -1 to disable)
  1771.  
  1772.     This module supports multiple cards.  ISA PnP must be enabled.
  1773.     You need sscape_ctl tool in alsa-tools package for loading
  1774.     the microcode.
  1775.  
  1776.   Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
  1777.   --------------------------------------
  1778.  
  1779.     Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.
  1780.  
  1781.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1782.  
  1783.   Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
  1784.   -------------------------------------
  1785.  
  1786.     Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.
  1787.  
  1788.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1789.  
  1790.   Module snd-sun-dbri (on sparc only)
  1791.   -----------------------------------
  1792.  
  1793.     Module for DBRI sound chips found on Sparcs.
  1794.  
  1795.     This module supports multiple cards.
  1796.  
  1797.   Module snd-wavefront
  1798.   --------------------
  1799.  
  1800.     Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards.
  1801.  
  1802.     use_cs4232_midi - Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
  1803.                       (inaccessibly located inside your computer)
  1804.     isapnp          - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
  1805.  
  1806.     with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
  1807.  
  1808.     cs4232_pcm_port - Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
  1809.     cs4232_pcm_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
  1810.     cs4232_mpu_port - Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
  1811.     cs4232_mpu_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
  1812.     ics2115_port    - Port # for ICS2115
  1813.     ics2115_irq     - IRQ # for ICS2115
  1814.     fm_port         - FM OPL-3 Port #
  1815.     dma1            - DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
  1816.     dma2            - DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
  1817.  
  1818.     The below are options for wavefront_synth features:
  1819.     wf_raw          - Assume that we need to boot the OS (default:no)
  1820.         If yes, then during driver loading, the state of the board is
  1821.         ignored, and we reset the board and load the firmware anyway.
  1822.     fx_raw          - Assume that the FX process needs help (default:yes)
  1823.         If false, we'll leave the FX processor in whatever state it is
  1824.         when the driver is loaded.  The default is to download the
  1825.         microprogram and associated coefficients to set it up for
  1826.         "default" operation, whatever that means.
  1827.     debug_default   - Debug parameters for card initialization
  1828.     wait_usecs      - How long to wait without sleeping, usecs
  1829.                       (default:150)
  1830.         This magic number seems to give pretty optimal throughput
  1831.         based on my limited experimentation.
  1832.         If you want to play around with it and find a better value, be
  1833.         my guest. Remember, the idea is to get a number that causes us
  1834.         to just busy wait for as many WaveFront commands as possible,
  1835.         without coming up with a number so large that we hog the whole
  1836.         CPU.
  1837.         Specifically, with this number, out of about 134,000 status
  1838.         waits, only about 250 result in a sleep.
  1839.     sleep_interval  - How long to sleep when waiting for reply
  1840.                       (default: 100)
  1841.     sleep_tries     - How many times to try sleeping during a wait
  1842.                       (default: 50)
  1843.     ospath          - Pathname to processed ICS2115 OS firmware
  1844.                       (default:wavefront.os)
  1845.         The path name of the ISC2115 OS firmware.  In the recent
  1846.         version, it's handled via firmware loader framework, so it
  1847.         must be installed in the proper path, typically,
  1848.         /lib/firmware.
  1849.     reset_time      - How long to wait for a reset to take effect
  1850.                       (default:2)
  1851.     ramcheck_time   - How many seconds to wait for the RAM test
  1852.                       (default:20)
  1853.     osrun_time      - How many seconds to wait for the ICS2115 OS
  1854.                       (default:10)
  1855.  
  1856.     This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.
  1857.  
  1858.     Note: the firmware file "wavefront.os" was located in the earlier
  1859.           version in /etc.  Now it's loaded via firmware loader, and
  1860.           must be in the proper firmware path, such as /lib/firmware.
  1861.           Copy (or symlink) the file appropriately if you get an error
  1862.           regarding firmware downloading after upgrading the kernel.
  1863.  
  1864.   Module snd-sonicvibes
  1865.   ---------------------
  1866.  
  1867.     Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards.
  1868.                         * PINE Schubert 32 PCI
  1869.  
  1870.     reverb    - Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
  1871.                   - SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
  1872.     mge       - Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
  1873.    
  1874.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  1875.  
  1876.   Module snd-serial-u16550
  1877.   ------------------------
  1878.  
  1879.     Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.
  1880.  
  1881.     port        - port # for UART16550A chip
  1882.     irq  - IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
  1883.     speed       - speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
  1884.                   38400 = default
  1885.     base        - base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
  1886.                   115200 = default
  1887.     outs        - number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
  1888.                   1 = default
  1889.     adaptor     - Type of adaptor.
  1890.                   0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
  1891.                   3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
  1892.    
  1893.     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
  1894.     thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.
  1895.  
  1896.   Module snd-trident
  1897.   ------------------
  1898.  
  1899.     Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards.
  1900.                         * Best Union  Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
  1901.                         * HIS  4DWave PCI
  1902.                         * Warpspeed  ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
  1903.                         * AzTech  PCI 64-Q3D
  1904.                         * Addonics  SV 750
  1905.                         * CHIC  True Sound 4Dwave
  1906.                         * Shark  Predator4D-PCI
  1907.                         * Jaton  SonicWave 4D
  1908.  
  1909.     pcm_channels   - max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
  1910.     wavetable_size - max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)
  1911.  
  1912.     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
  1913.  
  1914.     The power-management is supported.
  1915.  
  1916.   Module snd-usb-audio
  1917.   --------------------
  1918.  
  1919.     Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.
  1920.  
  1921.     vid             - Vendor ID for the device (optional)
  1922.     pid             - Product ID for the device (optional)
  1923.     device_setup    - Device specific magic number (optional)
  1924.                     - Influence depends on the device
  1925.                     - Default: 0x0000
  1926.  
  1927.     This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
  1928.  
  1929.   Module snd-usb-caiaq
  1930.   --------------------
  1931.  
  1932.     Module for caiaq UB audio interfaces,
  1933.             * Native Instruments RigKontrol2
  1934.             * Native Instruments Kore Controller
  1935.             * Native Instruments Audio Kontrol 1
  1936.             * Native Instruments Audio 8 DJ
  1937.  
  1938.     This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
  1939.  
  1940.   Module snd-usb-usx2y
  1941.   --------------------
  1942.  
  1943.     Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices.
  1944.  
  1945.     This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
  1946.  
  1947.     Note: you need to load the firmware via usx2yloader utility included
  1948.           in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.
  1949.  
  1950.   Module snd-via82xx
  1951.   ------------------
  1952.  
  1953.     Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233,
  1954.     8233A, 8233C, 8235, 8237 (south) bridge.
  1955.  
  1956.     mpu_port    - 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
  1957.                   [VIA686A/686B only]
  1958.     joystick    - Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
  1959.     ac97_clock  - AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
  1960.     dxs_support - support DXS channels,
  1961.                   0 = auto (default), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
  1962.                   3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA, 5 = enable any sample
  1963.                   rate and different sample rates on different
  1964.                   channels
  1965.                   [VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237 only]
  1966.     ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
  1967.                   See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
  1968.  
  1969.     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
  1970.  
  1971.     Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
  1972.           not be generated properly.  In such a case, please try to
  1973.           set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
  1974.           default value 1.4.  Then the interrupt number will be
  1975.           assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
  1976.    
  1977.     Note: VIA8233/5/7 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
  1978.           channels as the first PCM.  On these channels, up to 4
  1979.           streams can be played at the same time, and the controller
  1980.           can perform sample rate conversion with separate rates for
  1981.           each channel.
  1982.           As default (dxs_support = 0), 48k fixed rate is chosen
  1983.           except for the known devices since the output is often
  1984.           noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
  1985.           bug of BIOS.
  1986.           Please try once dxs_support=5 and if it works on other
  1987.           sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
  1988.           know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
  1989.           "lspci -nv").
  1990.           If dxs_support=5 does not work, try dxs_support=4; if it
  1991.           doesn't work too, try dxs_support=1.  (dxs_support=1 is
  1992.           usually for old motherboards.  The correct implemented
  1993.           board should work with 4 or 5.)  If it still doesn't
  1994.           work and the default setting is ok, dxs_support=3 is the
  1995.           right choice.  If the default setting doesn't work at all,
  1996.           try dxs_support=2 to disable the DXS channels.
  1997.           In any cases, please let us know the result and the
  1998.           subsystem vendor/device ids.  See "Links and Addresses"
  1999.           below.
  2000.  
  2001.     Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
  2002.           additionally.  The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.
  2003.  
  2004.     The power-management is supported.
  2005.  
  2006.   Module snd-via82xx-modem
  2007.   ------------------------
  2008.  
  2009.     Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem
  2010.  
  2011.     ac97_clock  - AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
  2012.  
  2013.     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
  2014.  
  2015.     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
  2016.           slot is excluded.
  2017.  
  2018.     The power-management is supported.
  2019.  
  2020.   Module snd-virmidi
  2021.   ------------------
  2022.  
  2023.     Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
  2024.     This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
  2025.     to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.
  2026.  
  2027.     midi_devs   - MIDI devices # (1-4, default=4)
  2028.    
  2029.     This module supports multiple cards.
  2030.  
  2031.   Module snd-virtuoso
  2032.   -------------------
  2033.  
  2034.     Module for sound cards based on the Asus AV200 chip, i.e.,
  2035.     Xonar D2 and Xonar D2X.
  2036.  
  2037.     This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
  2038.  
  2039.     Power management is _not_ supported.
  2040.  
  2041.   Module snd-vx222
  2042.   ----------------
  2043.  
  2044.     Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.
  2045.  
  2046.     mic  - Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
  2047.     ibl  - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
  2048.  
  2049.     This module supports multiple cards.
  2050.  
  2051.     When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
  2052.     is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
  2053.     Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
  2054.     When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
  2055.     firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.  To invoke
  2056.     vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.conf
  2057.  
  2058.         install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222 && /usr/bin/vxloader
  2059.  
  2060.     (for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add "post-install /usr/bin/vxloader" to
  2061.      /etc/modules.conf, instead.)
  2062.     IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM.  The smaller size
  2063.     gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
  2064.     The size is usually aligned to 126.  As default (=0), the smallest
  2065.     size is chosen.  The possible IBL values can be found in
  2066.     /proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.
  2067.  
  2068.     The power-management is supported.
  2069.  
  2070.   Module snd-vxpocket
  2071.   -------------------
  2072.  
  2073.     Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 and 440 PCMCIA cards.
  2074.  
  2075.     ibl      - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
  2076.  
  2077.     This module supports multiple cards.  The module is compiled only when
  2078.     PCMCIA is supported on kernel.
  2079.  
  2080.     With the older 2.6.x kernel, to activate the driver via the card
  2081.     manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf.  See the
  2082.     sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c.  2.6.13 or later kernel requires no
  2083.     longer require a config file.
  2084.  
  2085.     When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
  2086.     is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
  2087.     Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
  2088.     When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
  2089.     firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.
  2090.  
  2091.     About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.
  2092.  
  2093.     Note: snd-vxp440 driver is merged to snd-vxpocket driver since
  2094.            ALSA 1.0.10.
  2095.  
  2096.     The power-management is supported.
  2097.  
  2098.   Module snd-ymfpci
  2099.   -----------------
  2100.  
  2101.     Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).
  2102.  
  2103.     mpu_port      - 0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
  2104.                     1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
  2105.     fm_port       - 0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
  2106.                     1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
  2107.     joystick_port - 0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
  2108.                     1 (auto-detect)
  2109.     rear_switch   - enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)
  2110.  
  2111.     This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
  2112.  
  2113.     The power-management is supported.
  2114.  
  2115.   Module snd-pdaudiocf
  2116.   --------------------
  2117.  
  2118.     Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card.
  2119.  
  2120.     The power-management is supported.
  2121.  
  2122.  
  2123. AC97 Quirk Option
  2124. =================
  2125.  
  2126. The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround for
  2127. specific devices on drivers for on-board AC'97 controllers like
  2128. snd-intel8x0.  Some hardware have swapped output pins between Master
  2129. and Headphone, or Surround (thanks to confusion of AC'97
  2130. specifications from version to version :-)
  2131.  
  2132. The driver provides the auto-detection of known problematic devices,
  2133. but some might be unknown or wrongly detected.  In such a case, pass
  2134. the proper value with this option.
  2135.  
  2136. The following strings are accepted:
  2137.     - default   Don't override the default setting
  2138.     - none      Disable the quirk
  2139.     - hp_only   Bind Master and Headphone controls as a single control
  2140.     - swap_hp   Swap headphone and master controls
  2141.     - swap_surround  Swap master and surround controls
  2142.     - ad_sharing  For AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
  2143.     - alc_jack  For ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode
  2144.     - inv_eapd  Inverted EAPD implementation
  2145.     - mute_led  Bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED
  2146.  
  2147. For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer value -1, 0,
  2148. ... are  accepted, too.
  2149.  
  2150. For example, if "Master" volume control has no effect on your device
  2151. but only "Headphone" does, pass ac97_quirk=hp_only module option.
  2152.  
  2153.  
  2154. Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
  2155. ============================
  2156.  
  2157. When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
  2158. supporting the isapnp cards will have module options "isapnp".
  2159. If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
  2160. For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass "isapnp=0" option
  2161. together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.
  2162.  
  2163. When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
  2164. will be not built in.
  2165.  
  2166.  
  2167. Module Autoloading Support
  2168. ==========================
  2169.  
  2170. The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
  2171. module aliases.  The string 'snd-card-%1' is requested for ALSA native
  2172. devices where %i is sound card number from zero to seven.
  2173.  
  2174. To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
  2175. 'sound-slot-%i' where %i means the slot number for OSS, which
  2176. corresponds to the card index of ALSA.  Usually, define this
  2177. as the same card module.
  2178.  
  2179. An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
  2180. ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
  2181. alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
  2182. alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
  2183. ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
  2184.  
  2185. The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module
  2186. option "cards_limit" of snd module.  As default it's set to 1.
  2187. To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
  2188. sound cards in that option.
  2189.  
  2190. When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
  2191. number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
  2192. cards is kept consistent.
  2193.  
  2194. An example configuration for two sound cards is like below:
  2195.  
  2196. ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
  2197. # ALSA portion
  2198. options snd cards_limit=2
  2199. alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
  2200. alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
  2201. options snd-interwave index=0
  2202. options snd-ens1371 index=1
  2203. # OSS/Free portion
  2204. alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
  2205. alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
  2206. ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
  2207.  
  2208. In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
  2209. (index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).
  2210.  
  2211. Alternative (and new) way to fixate the slot assignment is to use
  2212. "slots" option of snd module.  In the case above, specify like the
  2213. following:
  2214.  
  2215. options snd slots=snd-interwave,snd-ens1371
  2216.  
  2217. Then, the first slot (#0) is reserved for snd-interwave driver, and
  2218. the second (#1) for snd-ens1371.  You can omit index option in each
  2219. driver if slots option is used (although you can still have them at
  2220. the same time as long as they don't conflict).
  2221.  
  2222. The slots option is especially useful for avoiding the possible
  2223. hot-plugging and the resultant slot conflict.  For example, in the
  2224. case above again, the first two slots are already reserved.  If any
  2225. other driver (e.g. snd-usb-audio) is loaded before snd-interwave or
  2226. snd-ens1371, it will be assigned to the third or later slot.
  2227.  
  2228.  
  2229. ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
  2230. =======================================
  2231.  
  2232. /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
  2233. /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp)     -> minor 3
  2234. /dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp)   -> minor 12
  2235. /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio1              -> minor 4+16 = 20
  2236. /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp1                -> minor 3+16 = 19
  2237. /dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp1               -> minor 12+16 = 28
  2238. /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio2              -> minor 4+32 = 36
  2239. /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp2                -> minor 3+32 = 39
  2240. /dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp2               -> minor 12+32 = 44
  2241.  
  2242. The first number from /dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p] expression means
  2243. sound card number and second means device number.  The ALSA devices
  2244. have either 'c' or 'p' suffix indicating the direction, capture and
  2245. playback, respectively.
  2246.  
  2247. Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
  2248. options of snd-pcm-oss module.
  2249.  
  2250.  
  2251. Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
  2252. ==============================
  2253.  
  2254. /proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
  2255. -------------------------------
  2256.   String "erase" - erase all additional informations about OSS applications
  2257.   String "<app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]"
  2258.  
  2259.    <app_name> - name of application with (higher priority) or without path
  2260.    <fragments> - number of fragments or zero if auto
  2261.    <fragment_size> - size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
  2262.    <options> - optional parameters
  2263.           - disable   the application tries to open a pcm device for
  2264.                       this channel but does not want to use it.
  2265.                       (Cause a bug or mmap needs)
  2266.                       It's good for Quake etc...
  2267.           - direct    don't use plugins
  2268.           - block     force block mode (rvplayer)
  2269.           - non-block force non-block mode
  2270.           - whole-frag  write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
  2271.                         playback only)
  2272.           - no-silence  do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks
  2273.           - buggy-ptr   Returns the whitespace blocks in GETOPTR ioctl
  2274.                         instead of filled blocks
  2275.  
  2276.   Example: echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
  2277.            echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
  2278.            echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
  2279.  
  2280.  
  2281. Early Buffer Allocation
  2282. =======================
  2283.  
  2284. Some drivers (e.g. hdsp) require the large contiguous buffers, and
  2285. sometimes it's too late to find such spaces when the driver module is
  2286. actually loaded due to memory fragmentation.  You can pre-allocate the
  2287. PCM buffers by loading snd-page-alloc module and write commands to its
  2288. proc file in prior, for example, in the early boot stage like
  2289. /etc/init.d/*.local scripts.
  2290.  
  2291. Reading the proc file /proc/drivers/snd-page-alloc shows the current
  2292. usage of page allocation.  In writing, you can send the following
  2293. commands to the snd-page-alloc driver:
  2294.  
  2295.   - add VENDOR DEVICE MASK SIZE BUFFERS
  2296.  
  2297.     VENDOR and DEVICE are PCI vendor and device IDs.  They take
  2298.     integer numbers (0x prefix is needed for the hex).
  2299.     MASK is the PCI DMA mask.  Pass 0 if not restricted.
  2300.     SIZE is the size of each buffer to allocate.  You can pass
  2301.     k and m suffix for KB and MB.  The max number is 16MB.
  2302.     BUFFERS is the number of buffers to allocate.  It must be greater
  2303.     than 0.  The max number is 4.
  2304.  
  2305.   - erase
  2306.  
  2307.     This will erase the all pre-allocated buffers which are not in
  2308.     use.
  2309.  
  2310.  
  2311. Links and Addresses
  2312. ===================
  2313.  
  2314.   ALSA project homepage
  2315.        http://www.alsa-project.org
  2316.  
  2317.   ALSA Bug Tracking System
  2318.        https://bugtrack.alsa-project.org/bugs/
  2319.  
  2320.   ALSA Developers ML
  2321.        mailto:alsa-devel@alsa-project.org

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